A decision whether to make some products or equipment in-house versus purchasing the products or equipment from another company. As in any decision, one must compare the relevant costs and other opportunities. It is...
A decision whether to make some products or equipment in-house versus purchasing the products or equipment from another company. As in any decision, one must compare the relevant costs and other opportunities. It is...
Costs that have both a fixed and variable component. For example, the cost of operating an automobile includes some fixed costs that do not change with the number of miles driven (e.g., operating license, insurance,...
What is the statement of comprehensive income? Definition of Statement of Comprehensive Income The statement of comprehensive income is one of the five financial statements required in a complete set of financial...
The statistic known as the coefficient of correlation. The range of this statistic is -1 to +1. When this statistic is squared the result is the percentage change in the dependent variable y that is explained by the...
A technique using simultaneous equations to allocate a manufacturer’s service departments’ costs to both other service departments and to production departments.
A variance arising in a standard costing system that indicates the difference between the standard cost of direct materials that should have been used (standard quantity times standard cost) for the good output and the...
A target rate. For example, companies may decide to invest only in projects that generate an internal rate of return that is in excess of 12%. The 12% figure becomes the hurdle rate.
The independent organization based in the UK which develops the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The IASB has been working with the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), which is based in the...
A long-term asset account that reports the cost of real property exclusive of the cost of any constructed assets on the property. Land usually appears as the first item under the balance sheet heading of Property, Plant...
See pass-through contributions.
This term is often associated with an investment in the bonds issued by another corporation if the bonds are traded on a bond exchange.
The depreciation computed on the tax return according to the income tax code and regulations. This amount is usually different from the depreciation used on the financial statements (book depreciation).
Under the accrual method of accounting, this account reports the employer’s expense for the company’s pension plan during the period indicated in the heading on the income statement. Information on pensions...
This is a non-operating or “other” item resulting from the sale of an asset (other than inventory) for less than the amount shown in the company’s accounting records.
The annual report to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), a U.S. government agency. The Form 10-K must be filed by corporations whose stock is publicly-traded on a U.S. stock exchange. The report contains the...
A division’s operating income after deducting a charge for the cost of the corporation’s capital being used by the division.
A series of equal amounts at equal time intervals. Also see annuity due, annuity in advance, annuity in arrears, and ordinary annuity.
See weighted-average cost flow assumption and moving-average cost of inventory.
Spreading the physical counting of inventory throughout the year. For example, a company may physically count a different 10% of its inventory each month instead of counting 100% of its inventory once per year.
A tax imposed on income earned by a nonprofit that is unrelated to its exempt purpose.
A cost or expense that is not directly traceable to a department, product, activity, customer, etc. As a result indirect costs and expenses are often allocated to the department, product, etc. For example, a...
A promise to repair, replace, refund, etc. a product during a specified period. The company making the promise has a contingent liability and a warranty expense that should be recorded at the time the product is sold.
A part of a manufacturer’s inventory that includes direct and indirect materials. Also referred to as stores.
See FASB Interpretation.
The recognition that a dollar in the present is more valuable than a dollar in the future. Present-value calculators and present-value tables assist in converting future dollars to the present value in order to make a...
The borrower who provides to a lender an asset as collateral for a loan.
This term is usually associated with assets that are depreciated. In the month that an asset is acquired or disposed, it is assumed to have occurred in the middle of the month.
The one-year period ending at an organization’s typical low point of activity. For example, a school’s natural business year is July 1 through June 30. It is practical to have the accounting and financial...
An employee’s pretax compensation that is based on annual or monthly amounts rather than an hourly rate. Management employees are usually paid salaries. To learn more, see Explanation of Payroll Accounting.
A stated legal amount for each share of common stock. The par value for every share of common stock issued must be recorded in the separate stockholders’ equity account Common Stock.
A highly summarized income statement
See residual income (RI).
The increase in a carrying amount. Also see write-up work.
An official pronouncement by the Financial Accounting Standards Board that involves a previously issued FASB Standard. FASB Interpretations are part of the generally accepted accounting principles.
A company’s net income from the start of the current accounting year until a specified date. For example, the year-to-date net income at May 31, 2024 for a calendar year company is the net income from January 1,...
A payment toward the amount of principal owed. Generally when a loan payment consists of only a principal and interest payment, the amount owed for interest is processed first and the remaining amount of the payment is...
Taking out a loan or issuing bonds in order to acquire an asset or another business.
The amount of an asset’s cost that will be depreciated. It is the cost minus the expected salvage value. For example, if equipment has a cost of $30,000 but is expected to have a salvage value of $3,000 then the...
One of two broad functional categories for sorting and reporting a nonprofit organization’s expenses. (The other is program expenses.) Supporting services expenses consists of 1) management and general expenses,...
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